浅水三角洲物源、砂体构型与储层特征研究——以准噶尔盆地永进—莫西庄地区侏罗系三工河组二段为例     

冯怀伟  许淑梅  王金铎  张关龙  曾治平  任新成  修金磊  王千军 《地质论评》2023,69(4):2023040028-2023040028

针对准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系三工河组物源、砂体构型及储层物性认识存在争议的问题,笔者等基于岩芯、录井、钻井等方面的资料,结合前人在准噶尔盆地周缘磷灰石及锆石年龄数据,运用沉积学、层序地层学、沉积盆地分析及储层沉积学的基本原理和方法对三工河组二段物源方向、远近和类型、沉积体系展布、砂体构型及储层物性之间的关系进行了系统的研究。研究表明,在敞流盆地快速抬升/缓慢沉降的构造背景下形成辫状河三角洲退积式沉积序列,在五级层序地层格架中,河道强冲刷叠置砂体见于第1、2砂组,三角洲退积,分支河道强烈冲刷,导致河道砂体叠置,微相类型单一,单砂体厚度向上变薄,砂体全区稳定分布,储集性较好。河道弱冲刷叠置砂体见于第3、5砂组,三角洲退积,分支河道冲刷不明显,形成河道“二元结构”,单砂体厚度向上变薄,粒度变细,储集性好;河口坝组合砂体见于第4砂组,在三角洲退积过程中,水下分流河道末端形成河口坝,总体岩性向上变细,砂体不连续,储集性好,远砂坝席状砂组合砂体见于第6、7砂组,砂体零星分布,储集性很差。在浅水、低可容纳空间、快速抬升/缓慢幕式沉降构造背景之下,浅水三角洲的物源的方向、远近及类型是影响沉积微相展布的关键因素,也是影响砂体构型及其储层物性的物质基础。  相似文献   

Thermal doming-extension metallogenic system of Jiaodong type gold depositsSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

宋明春  宋英昕  李杰  刘洪波  李健  董磊磊  贺春艳  王润生 《岩石学报》2023,(5):1241-1260

胶东型金矿具有独特的成矿特征和成因机制,不同于国际已知金矿类型。为了深化认识控制矿床形成、变化和保存的地质要素及成矿过程,本文综合分析了胶东半岛晚中生代岩浆作用、构造活动和成矿特征及其构造背景,提出该区深部岩浆活动与地壳快速隆升及浅部变质核杂岩、张性断层、断陷盆地等伸展构造,共同控制了以Au为主的矿床成矿系列及成矿演化过程,谓之热隆-伸展成矿系统。阐明了晚中生代岩浆演化过程中的元素变化规律,发现了金矿化蚀变带中的低Ba、Sr含量异常及早白垩世胶东地壳中金丰度的显著变化,揭示了壳幔物质混合和伟德山型花岗岩岩浆活动对金成矿的贡献。认为这一成矿系统形成于古太平洋板块俯冲后撤的后俯冲伸展环境,由于软流圈上涌导致岩石圈地幔性质由富集向亏损转化,从而引起岩浆岩地球化学特征变化,地球化学元素重新调整,幔源含金流体与由重熔下地壳析出的壳源含金流体混合形成富金流体库,并产生贫金花岗岩。大规模岩浆活动为成矿元素的活化、迁移提供了热动力条件,上地壳伸展产生的断裂构造则为成矿元素聚集提供了良好空间。热隆-伸展成矿系统是中国东部晚中生代重要的成矿系统。  相似文献   

持续开挖效应下结构面剪切力学性质与能量特征研究     

郭佳奇  程立攀  朱斌忠  田永超  黄鑫 《岩土力学》2023,44(1):131-143

基于地下岩体工程开挖扰动的实际情况,开展考虑持续开挖效应,充分反映岩体结构面应力调整过程的结构面剪切试验更具理论意义和工程应用价值。采用人工劈裂方法制备岩体结构面,开展了常规应力路径和持续开挖效应下的结构面剪切试验,系统研究了两种条件下结构面剪切力学性质、声发射特征和能量的演化规律。研究结果表明：开挖扰动荷载强度越大,结构面发生剪切破坏时的剪应力降整体上越大,但持续开挖效应下的剪应力降最大值仅为常规应力路径下剪应力降的48.57%;考虑持续开挖效应的结构面剪切过程中声发射活动主要集中于结构面受剪破坏和剪应力降产生时,且声发射活动强度与开挖扰动强度正相关,声发射振铃计数变化率极值明显小于常规应力路径下的相应值;持续开挖效应下试样裂纹发育密集度、结构面磨损区域及破坏程度均随开挖扰动强度增加而增加,但试样裂纹发育的密集程度和结构面破坏程度相对常规应力路径下的情况轻;考虑持续开挖效应的结构面发生剪切破坏时弹性应变能随扰动荷载增大而增大,均低于常规应力路径条件下的弹性应变能值,持续开挖效应降低了结构面剪切破坏的强度,但更易引发结构面发生剪切破坏。  相似文献   

Prediction of soil properties using imaging spectroscopy: Considering fractional vegetation cover to improve accuracy     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Spectroscopic techniques have become attractive to assess soil properties because they are fast, require little labor and may reduce the amount of laboratory waste produced when compared to conventional methods. Imaging spectroscopy (IS) can have further advantages compared to laboratory or field proximal spectroscopic approaches such as providing spatially continuous information with a high density. However, the accuracy of IS derived predictions decreases when the spectral mixture of soil with other targets occurs. This paper evaluates the use of spectral data obtained by an airborne hyperspectral sensor (ProSpecTIR-VS – Aisa dual sensor) for prediction of physical and chemical properties of Brazilian highly weathered soils (i.e., Oxisols). A methodology to assess the soil spectral mixture is adapted and a progressive spectral dataset selection procedure, based on bare soil fractional cover, is proposed and tested. Satisfactory performances are obtained specially for the quantification of clay, sand and CEC using airborne sensor data (R² of 0.77, 0.79 and 0.54; RPD of 2.14, 2.22 and 1.50, respectively), after spectral data selection is performed; although results obtained for laboratory data are more accurate (R² of 0.92, 0.85 and 0.75; RPD of 3.52, 2.62 and 2.04, for clay, sand and CEC, respectively). Most importantly, predictions based on airborne-derived spectra for which the bare soil fractional cover is not taken into account show considerable lower accuracy, for example for clay, sand and CEC (RPD of 1.52, 1.64 and 1.16, respectively). Therefore, hyperspectral remotely sensed data can be used to predict topsoil properties of highly weathered soils, although spectral mixture of bare soil with vegetation must be considered in order to achieve an improved prediction accuracy.  相似文献   

The imprint of plants on ecosystem functioning: A data-driven approach     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

  相似文献   

Distinguishing extensive and intensive properties for meaningful geocomputation and mapping     

Simon Scheider  Mark D. Huisjes 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(1):28-54

A most fundamental and far-reaching trait of geographic information is the distinction between extensive and intensive properties. In common understanding, originating in Physics and Chemistry, extensive properties increase with the size of their supporting objects, while intensive properties are independent of this size. It has long been recognized that the decision whether analytical and cartographic measures can be meaningfully applied depends on whether an attribute is considered intensive or extensive. For example, the choice of a map type as well as the application of basic geocomputational operations, such as spatial intersections, aggregations or algebraic operations such as sums and weighted averages, strongly depend on this semantic distinction. So far, however, the distinction can only be drawn in the head of an analyst. We still lack practical ways of automation for composing GIS workflows and to scale up mapping and geocomputation over many data sources, e.g. in statistical portals. In this article, we test a machine-learning model that is capable of labeling extensive/intensive region attributes with high accuracy based on simple characteristics extractable from geodata files. Furthermore, we propose an ontology pattern that captures central applicability constraints for automating data conversion and mapping using Semantic Web technology.  相似文献   

京津冀夏季强降水下冰云宏微观特征          下载免费PDF全文

郑倩  郑有飞  王立稳  李特  林彤  杜傢义 《干旱区地理》2019,42(1):67-76

根据Aqua MODIS 2级云产品和Cloudsat的2级产品资料，结合降水数据和MODIS L1B级辐射率数据，对发生在京津冀地区夏季的三次强降水过程中冰云的宏微观物理量的特征进行分析，并探究这些物理量和降水强度的关系。结果表明：在水平分布中，强降水过程中降水强度高值区内云相为冰云，冰云云顶高度在8~17 km，冰云粒子有效半径、冰云光学厚度、冰水路径分别最高可达60 μm、 150、 5 000 g?m^-2；冰云光学厚度、冰水路径、冰云云顶高度随降水强度增大而增大。在垂直分布中，冰云主要分布在3.5 km以上，发生强降水站点的冰云为深对流云，冰云粒子有效半径、冰水含量、冰云粒子数浓度分别最高可达150 μm、 3 000 mg?m^-3 、 500 L^-1；冰云粒子有效半径高值区存在于云层中下部，且随高度上升而减小，冰云粒子数浓度高值区存在于云层中上部，且随高度上升而增加，冰水含量高值区则存在于云层中部；冰云粒子有效半径、冰水含量、冰云粒子数浓度在9 km以上随降水强度增大而增大。  相似文献   

Numerical analysis of the effect of natural microcracks on the supercritical CO2 fracturing crack network of shale rock based on bonded particle models          下载免费PDF全文

Peihuo Peng  Yang Ju  Yongliang Wang  Shaoqin Wang  Feng Gao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(18):1992-2013

The problem of predicting the geometric structure of induced fractures is highly complex and significant in the fracturing stimulation of rock reservoirs. In the traditional continuous fracturing models, the mechanical properties of reservoir rock are input as macroscopic quantities. These models neglect the microcracks and discontinuous characteristics of rock, which are important factors influencing the geometric structure of the induced fractures. In this paper, we simulate supercritical CO₂ fracturing based on the bonded particle model to investigate the effect of original natural microcracks on the induced‐fracture network distribution. The microcracks are simulated explicitly as broken bonds that form and coalesce into macroscopic fractures in the supercritical CO₂ fracturing process. A calculation method for the distribution uniformity index (DUI) is proposed. The influence of the total number and DUI of initial microcracks on the mechanical properties of the rock sample is studied. The DUI of the induced fractures of supercritical CO₂ fracturing and hydraulic fracturing for different DUIs of initial microcracks are compared, holding other conditions constant. The sensitivity of the DUI of the induced fractures to that of initial natural microcracks under different horizontal stress ratios is also probed. The numerical results indicate that the distribution of induced fractures of supercritical CO₂ fracturing is more uniform than that of common hydraulic fracturing when the horizontal stress ratio is small.  相似文献   

我国红黏土物理力学性能研究现状及展望     

邓绍云 《岩土工程技术》2020,(1):43-47

采用文献综述研究方法,梳理了红黏土研究成果并进行了评述,对红黏土的物理力学性质进行了归纳和总结,对红黏土的性能改良研究成果进行了汇总,指出红黏土的物理力学性能的差异性根源在于微观结构的个性差异存在,红黏土性能改良的困难在于红黏土的水敏性和热敏性,红黏土性能改良的关键在于控制其含水率。最后指出了研究不足在于普适性理论和知识体系没有构建,改良方法和技术探究应该加强,展望了红黏土性能改良的物理—化学—生物耦合作用的机理及复合技术开发和应用的研究。  相似文献   

烃源岩不同性质有机酸的分离及其检测方法     

杜佳宗  何蓓  蔡进功  雷天柱  刘庆  谢忠怀 《高校地质学报》2020,26(5):540-548

烃源岩中的有机酸来源于有机质，但有机质具有不同的赋存形式，有机酸具有不同性质，这将影响有机酸与不同赋存有机质的关系，进而影响分离和检测方法。文章在总结前人对有机质赋存形式和有机酸性质等特征的基础上，提出烃源岩中的有机酸并以非单一的形式存在，具有水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸三种类型，游离有机质中存在水溶性和脂溶性有机酸，而结合有机质中存在水溶性、脂溶性和难溶性有机酸。因此在检测方法上需采取分步分离的方法，且根据有机酸的性质选取合适的检测方法，即水溶性有机酸利用离子色谱检测，索氏抽提得到的脂溶性有机酸利用气相色谱—质谱检测，通过酸解抽提残渣得到的难溶性有机酸利用红外光谱检测，全面系统地认识烃源岩中有机酸含量和类型等特征。这对进一步探讨烃源岩各种类型有机酸特征和演化规律，深化烃源岩有机质生烃以及有机—无机相互作用等机理都具有重要意义。  相似文献